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Thermal comfort Human thermal comfort is a satisfaction with the surrounding thermal conditions. Thermal comfort is defined as “that condition of mind which expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment and is assessed by subjective evaluation ( ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2010 ) . Thermal comfort is highly subjective to person to person. It is depends on different factor such as the air temperature, relative humidity, radiant temperature, air velocity, metabolic rates, and clothing levels and each individual physiology, so it is difficult to measure. The six factors affecting thermal comfort are both environmental and personal. Determined of the thermal comfort is essential, when designing a structure that will be occupied by people. Thermal comfort is important for health and well-being as well as productivity. A lack of thermal comfort causes stress among building occupants. When they are too warm, people can feel tired; when too cold, they will be...
Food chain and Food web Food chain } Food chains are unidirectional sequence or order of organisms of an ecosystem that the food is passed from one type of organism to other organisms. } All trophic levels in an ecosystem are connected by transferred of energy. } Trophic level- The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food chain. Energy flow of a food chain is unidirectional i.e. From producer through herbivores to carnivores. } The amount of energy flow decreases with successive trophic level. A large amount of energy (~90%) is lost each trophic level. } Only about 10% of biomass is transferred from one trophic level to the next one in a food chain. Type of food chain- Grazing food chain } Grazing food chain starts from plants, goes through herbivores and ends in carnivores. example: Grass à Grasshopper à Lizard à Hawk Phytop...
ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM (Definition, Type, Components and Function) ECOLOGY The term ecology was coined by Earnst Haeckel (1869). The study of ecosystem is defined as Ecology. Therefore ecology deals with the study of organisms in their natural home interacting with their surrounding. ECOSYSTEM The term ecosystem was coined by a British ecologist A. G. Tansley (1935). Ecosystems is a self regulating, self sustaining and functional unit of nature where living organisms (biotic component) interacting with each other and with their non living environment (abiotic factor) exchanging energy and matter. Types of Ecosystem- According to environment- 1. Terrestrial Ecosystem - A terrestrial ecosystem is an ecosystem found only on landforms. Six primary terrestrial ecosystems are tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, tropical rain forest, grassland and desert. 2. Aquati...
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