Remote sensing

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What is Remote sensing

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Image result for REMOTE SENSING Remote sensing is defined as the art and science of obtaining information about an object without being in direct physical contact with the object. It is a scientific technology that can be used to measure and monitor important biophysical characteristic and human activities on earth. Remote sensing is also defined as the measurement or acquisition of information of some property of an object or phenomenon, by an recording device that is not in physical or intimate contact with the object or phenomenon under study. So, remote sensing is the non contact recording of information from the ultraviolet, visible infrared and microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum by means of instrument such as cameras, scanner, laser, linear arrays and area arrays located on platforms such as aircraft or spacecraft and the analysis of acquired information by mean of visual and digital image processing.(Jensen J. R.M 2014)The sensors collect data in the form of images and provide specialized capabilities for manipulating, analyzing, and visualizing those images. Remote sensed imagery is integrated within a geographicinformation system (GIS).  A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based tool for mapping and analyzing feature events on earth. GIS technology integrates common database operations, such as query and statistical analysis, with maps. GIS manages location-based information and provides tools for display and analysis of various statistics like characteristics and distribution of vegetation types.

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In India, Remote sensing is extensively used for weather forecasting and warns people about impending cyclones. It can be used to study deforestation, ecology, degradation of fertile lands, pollution in atmosphere, desertification, natural hazard, hydrology, eutrification of large water bodies and oil spillage from oil tankers etc. Remote sensing can be used to study damages caused by earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, floods and melting of ice in polar regions. In Natural Hazard assessment, remote sensing data can be used to assess the impacts of a natural disaster and create preparedness strategies to be used before and after a hazardous event. Many times remote sensing will be helpful to predict the occurrence of natural hazards. Remote sensing data is useful in obtaining up-to-date land use and land cover of large areas at any given time and also monitor changes that occur from time to time. This information is used by regional planners and administrators to frame policy matters for all round development of the region. (Jensen J. R.M 2014)
The most significant feature of remote-sensing satellite technology is that it makes possible the repeated survey of vast areas in a very short time even if the area is otherwise inaccessible. The photographs and other data collected by Indian remote sensing satellites, IRS-IA and IRS-IB, have been used for many practical purposes. The important applications  of remote-sensing satellites are : Groundwater surveys; Forest surveys; Preparing wasteland maps; Drought assess­ment; Estimation of crop yields; Detection of crop diseases; Survey for detecting coal, oil and ores; and Detection of potential fishing zones of the sea. The remote sensing satellites are also used for doing “spying work” for military purposes.

REFERENCE

1.      Jensen R.J., Remote sensing of the environment: An Earth Resource Perspective , Pearson,Second edition,2014. ISBN:978-93-325-1894-0. PP:2-457

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